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About ruby
Ruby is a a red variety of corundum, the same mineral family as sapphire, colored by trace amounts of chromium rated 9 on the Mohs hardness scale, Ruby rates 9 on the Mohs hardness scale, second only to diamond among natural gemstones. For context, a steel nail is roughly 6.5, sapphire shares ruby's 9 rating, and diamond is 10. At 9, ruby is exceptionally durable and well-suited to everyday wear in any style of jewelry, including rings. Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush, and the stone tolerates ultrasonic cleaning when untreated.. Its color ranges from deep red, ranging from vivid pinkish-red to rich blood-red, with the most prized shades described as pigeon's blood, with the most prized stones showing even saturation and high clarity.
Ruby has been treasured for thousands of years across cultures, with Sanskrit texts calling it ratnaraj, the king of precious stones. Burmese rubies from the Mogok valley set the historical quality standard, prized for their pure red color and silky inclusions. Today fine rubies come from Myanmar, Mozambique, Madagascar, and Thailand. The finest stones can rival diamond and emerald in per-carat value.
Historically, ruby has been associated with passion, vitality, and courage. In crystal healing and metaphysical traditions, ruby is associated with the Root and Heart Chakras. It is linked to life force, romantic love, and bold action. Practitioners often use it as a stone for confidence and motivation, themes that align with July's peak-summer energy and warmth.
Ruby vs garnet
Same color family, different stones. Here's how to choose.
Ruby
Ruby and garnet are entirely different mineral families. Ruby is a variety of corundum and rates 9 on the Mohs hardness scale; garnet is a silicate group and rates 6.5 to 7.5. Ruby's red comes from chromium; garnet's color depends on the variety, with almandine and pyrope ranging from deep wine to rosy red.
Garnet
Garnet reads warmer with more burgundy undertones at a fraction of ruby's cost. Ruby is the harder, brighter, and more saturated stone, with significantly higher price points and cultural weight as the July birthstone and a symbol of passionate commitment. If you are deciding between the two, ruby is the heirloom investment; garnet offers a similar red-stone story at much more accessible pricing.
Born in July?
Ruby is the modern birthstone for July July birthstone. For people who follow birthstone jewelry traditions, ruby makes a striking gift for anyone born in July. Its rich red color is unmistakable, the stone is exceptionally durable for daily wear, and the symbolism of passion and vitality makes it as meaningful for engagements and anniversaries as for birthdays.
See all July birthstones on the July birthstone jewelry hub.
Shop July birthstone jewelryShop more
Frequently asked questions
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Is ruby the birthstone for July?
Yes. Ruby is the birthstone for July and has held that designation since the original 1912 birthstone list. It is also the traditional gemstone gift for both the 15th and 40th wedding anniversaries. Ruby is one of four precious gemstones alongside diamond, emerald, and sapphire.
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Can you wear ruby jewelry every day?
Yes. Ruby scores a 9 on the Mohs hardness scale, making it the second hardest natural gemstone after diamond. It resists scratching better than nearly every other colored gemstone and is ideal for daily wear in all jewelry types, including rings. Clean with warm soapy water and a soft brush.
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Are most rubies treated?
Yes. Most rubies on the market are heat-treated to improve color and clarity. Heat treatment is the industry standard for ruby and is considered a permanent, stable enhancement. Untreated rubies of fine quality are rare and command significantly higher prices. At Erin Gallagher Jewelry, we are transparent about all gemstone treatments.
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What is the difference between ruby and garnet?
Ruby and garnet are different minerals entirely. Ruby is corundum (Mohs 9), one of the four precious gemstones, with a bright red color caused by chromium. Garnet (Mohs 6.5 to 7.5) is a separate mineral group with a typically darker, brownish-red color. Ruby is significantly harder, rarer, and more valuable than garnet.
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What is the difference between ruby and sapphire?
Ruby and sapphire are actually the same mineral: corundum. The only difference is color. Red corundum is classified as ruby. All other colors of corundum, including blue, pink, yellow, and white, are classified as sapphire. They share the same hardness (Mohs 9), crystal structure, and physical properties.
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What does ruby symbolize?
Ruby symbolizes love, passion, courage, protection, vitality, and power. In ancient Sanskrit, ruby was called ratnaraj, meaning king of precious stones. It is connected to the Root Chakra (stability and grounding) and Heart Chakra (love and compassion). Ruby is associated with the zodiac signs Cancer and Leo.